解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Intraspecific variation in behavior and diet can have important consequences for population and ecosystem dynamics. Here, we examine how differences in reproductive investment and spatial ecology influence individual diet specialization in male and female southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis). We hypothesize tha...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3206-1
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many ecologically generalized populations are composed of relatively specialized individuals that selectively consume a subset of their population's diet, a phenomenon known as 'individual specialization'. The Niche Variation Hypothesis posits that this individual specialization can arise during ecological release if ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3200-7
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is growing recognition that changes in vegetation composition can strongly influence peatland carbon cycling, with potential feedbacks to future climate. Nevertheless, despite accelerated climate and vegetation change in this ecosystem, the growth responses of peatland plant species to combined warming and veget...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-015-3254-1
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::With multiple species introductions and rapid global changes, there is a need for comprehensive invasion models that can predict community responses. Evidence suggests that abiotic constraint, propagule pressure, and biotic resistance of resident species each determine plant invasion success, yet their interactions ar...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3188-z
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reproduction is an important life history trait that strongly affects dynamics of plant populations. Although it has been well documented that elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere greatly enhances biomass production in plants, the overall effect of elevated CO2 on reproductive allocation (RA), i.e., the pro...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3191-4
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many global change drivers chronically alter resource availability in terrestrial ecosystems. Such resource alterations are known to affect aboveground net primary production (ANPP) in the short term; however, it is unknown if patterns of response change through time. We examined the magnitude, direction, and pattern ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-015-3230-9
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Climate change is expected to reduce annual precipitation by 20% and increase its standard deviation by 20% in the eastern Mediterranean. We have examined how these changes may affect herbaceous aboveground net primary production (ANPP) and its inter-annual coefficient of variation (CV) in natural rangelands along a d...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-015-3234-5
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A widely cited benefit of predator diversity is greater suppression of insect herbivores, with corresponding increases in plant biomass. In the context of a vector-borne pathogen system, predator species richness may also influence plant disease risk via the direct effects of predators on the abundance and behavior of...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3194-1
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::After a period of food deprivation, animals often respond with a period of faster than normal growth. Such responses have been suggested to result in decreased chromosomal maintenance, which in turn may affect the future fitness of an individual. Here, we present a field experiment in which a food deprivation period o...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-015-3263-0
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parasites can generate complex life history trade-offs in a host. In this study, we experimentally reduced the infection level of intestinal helminth parasites in the Taiwan field mouse (Apodemus semotus) to test (1) whether parasite richness and load are biased towards male or female mice (sex-biased parasitism) and ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3160-y
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Climate change effects on plants are expected to be primarily mediated through early life stage transitions. Snowfall variability, in particular, may have profound impacts on seedling recruitment, structuring plant populations and communities, especially in mid-latitude systems. These water-limited and frequently inva...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3180-7
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lianas are an important component of tropical forests, contributing up to 25% of the woody stems and 35% of woody species diversity. Lianas invest less in structural support but more in leaves compared to trees of similar biomass. These physiological and morphological differences suggest that lianas may interact with ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3179-0
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plants often recruit frugivorous animals to transport their seeds; however, gut passage can have varying effects on plant fitness depending on the physical and chemical treatment of the seed, the distance seeds are transported, and the specific site of deposition. One way in which plants can mediate the effects of gut...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3096-2
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Predators attack and plants defend, so herbivores face the dilemma of how to eat enough without being eaten. But do differences in the personality of herbivores affect the foraging choices of individuals? We explored the ecological impact of personality in a generalist herbivore, the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulp...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3110-8
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atmospheric inputs of N and S in bulk deposition (open collectors) and throughfall (beneath canopy collectors) were measured in and adjacent to two Class 1 wilderness areas of the northeastern US. In general, atmospheric S inputs followed our expectations with throughfall S fluxes increasing with elevation in the Whit...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3121-5
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Facultative diapause should be favoured by natural selection in temporary variable habitats. Diapause patterns are evolutionary constrained because producing diapause is resource demanding, which might have implications for competitive dynamics and competitor coexistence through mechanisms such as the storage effect. ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3172-7
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The random-mixing assumptions of many parasite-transmission models are challenged if healthy individuals can alter their behaviour to reduce their risk of infection. Some pathogens reduce the attractiveness of their hosts' excretions, for example, potentially altering contact rates and thus the predicted force of infe...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3072-x
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Linking spatial variation in environmental factors to variation in demographic rates is essential for a mechanistic understanding of the dynamics of populations. However, we still know relatively little about such links, partly because feedbacks via intraspecific density make them difficult to observe in natural popul...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3073-9
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding community dynamics during early life stages of trees is critical for the prediction of future species composition. In Mediterranean forests drought is a major constraint for regeneration, but likely not the only factor determining the observed spatial patterns. We carried out a sowing experiment aimed at...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3064-x
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biodiverse environments provide a variety of resources that can be exploited by consumers. While many studies revealed a positive correlation between biodiversity and consumer biomass and richness, only few studies have investigated how resource diversity affects single consumers. To better understand whether a single...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3070-z
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In both single- and mixed-species social groups, certain participants are known to play important roles in providing benefits. Identifying these participants is critical for understanding group dynamics, but is often difficult with large roving social groups in the wild. Here, we develop a new approach to characterize...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3045-0
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Energy limitation has long been the primary assumption underlying conceptual models of evolutionary and ecological processes in cave ecosystems. However, the prediction that cave communities are actually energy-limited in the sense that constituent populations are consuming all or most of their resource supply is unte...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3042-3
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The population dynamics of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) are fundamental to the ecosystem dynamics of Canada's boreal forest. During the 8- to 11-year population cycle, hare densities can fluctuate up to 40-fold. Predators in this system (lynx, coyotes, great-horned owls) affect population numbers not only through...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3053-0
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The great majority of Eucalyptus spp. are facultative resprouters, and they dominate the eucalypt forests of Australia. Despite this numeric and geographic dominance, there is a general lack of knowledge of their capacity for carbon capture and water loss during canopy reinstation. After a crown-removing fire, we meas...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3032-5
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tree-ring records can provide valuable information to advance our understanding of contemporary terrestrial carbon cycling and to reconstruct key metrics in the decades preceding monitoring data. The growing use of tree rings in carbon-cycle research is being facilitated by increasing recognition of reciprocal benefit...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3031-6
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Globally, dung beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) are linked to many critical ecosystem processes involving the consumption and breakdown of mammal dung. Endemic New Zealand dung beetles (Canthonini) are an anomaly, occurring at high abundance and low diversity on an island archipelago historically lacking terrestri...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3001-z
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mistletoes constitute instructive study cases with which to address the role of generalist consumers in the study of plant-animal interactions. Their ranges of safe sites for recruitment are among the most restricted of any plant; therefore, frugivores specializing in mistletoe have been considered almost indispensabl...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3013-8
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Terpenoid emissions from ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa subsp. scopulorum) were measured in Colorado, USA over two growing seasons to evaluate the role of incident light, needle temperature, and stomatal conductance in controlling emissions of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) and several monoterpenes. MBO was the dominant...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3008-5
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::While trying to achieve their nutritional requirements, foraging herbivores face the costs of plant defenses, such as toxins. Teasing apart the costs and benefits of various chemical constituents in plants is difficult because their chemical defenses and nutrient concentrations often co-vary. We used an approach deriv...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-2980-0
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reproduction is a demanding activity for animals, since they must produce, and in some cases protect and provision, their young. It is often overlooked that demands of reproduction may also be exacerbated by exposure to contaminants. In this study, we make use of an exceptional long-term dataset to perform a cross-sec...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-2975-x
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Otolith microchemistry studies indicate that growth-phase (yellow stage) anguillid eels commonly shift at irregular intervals between fresh and saline waters, but this technique has not detected regular seasonal migrations across salinity zones. We tested the ability of otolith microchemistry and stable isotope analys...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-2969-8
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycorrhizal fungi are crucial for the ecological success of land plants, providing their hosts with nutrients in exchange for organic C. However, not all plants are mycorrhizal, especially ferns, of which about one-third of the species lack this symbiosis. Because the mycorrhizal status is evolutionarily ancestral, th...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-2941-7
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonindigenous species can cause major changes to community interactions and ecosystem processes. The strong impacts of these species are often attributed to their high demographic success. While the importance of enemy release in facilitating invasions has often been emphasized, few studies have addressed the role of ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-2939-1
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::When two ecosystem engineers share the same natural environment, the outcome of their interaction will be unclear if they have contrasting habitat-modifying effects (e.g., sediment stabilization vs. sediment destabilization). The outcome of the interaction may depend on local environmental conditions such as season or...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-2916-8
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Naïveté can occur within any novel antagonistic interaction, and competitive forces play a fundamental role in shaping community structure, yet competitive naïveté has received very little attention in the literature to date. Naïveté towards a novel competitor is unlikely to result in immediate mortality, but could po...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2874-6
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plants are often simultaneously or sequentially attacked by multiple herbivores and changes in host plants induced by one herbivore can influence the performance of other herbivores. We examined how sequential feeding on the plant Plantago lanceolata by the aboveground herbivore Spodoptera exigua and the belowground h...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-2885-y
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the impact of multiple stressors on ecosystems is of pronounced importance, particularly when one or more of those stressors is anthropogenic. Here we investigated the role of physical disturbance and increased nutrients on reefs dominated by the canopy-forming kelp Ecklonia radiata. We combined experime...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-2907-9
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Populations of invasive species tend to have fewer parasites in their introduced ranges than in their native ranges and are also thought to have fewer parasites than native prey. This 'release' from parasites has unstudied implications for native predators feeding on exotic prey. In particular, shifts from native to e...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-2898-6
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A key question in savanna ecology is how trees and grasses coexist under N limitation. We used N stable isotopes and N content to study N source partitioning across seasons from trees and associated grasses in a semi-arid savanna. We also used (15)N tracer additions to investigate possible redistribution of N by trees...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2848-8
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::General circulation models project more intense and frequent droughts over the next century, but many questions remain about how terrestrial ecosystems will respond. Of particular importance, is to understand how drought will alter the species composition of regenerating temperate forests wherein symbiotic dinitrogen ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2851-0
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00